IMPORTANT PEOPLE: 1800-1812
THOMAS JEFFERSON
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Thomas Jefferson was elected President of the United States in 1801 by the Republican party. On March 4, 1801, the day of the presidential inauguration, Thomas Jefferson was wearing everyday clothes and President Adams left the building so he wouldn't have to see Jefferson become president. Jefferson thought strongly about reducing the size and power of the federal government. In his presidency Jefferson worked to control and limit the power of the federal government and reduce the power of Federalists in the federal courts. He also implemented his Republican views onto the government.
ALBERT GALLATIN
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Albert Gallatin was a Pennsylvanian who knew a lot about financial matters. He was chosen for the secretary of the treasury by Thomas Jefferson during his presidency. They worked together to diminish the national debt that was left by the Federalists, and cut down on military costs by one-third. They also decreased the navy's ships from 25-7. Reducing the size of the spending, Jefferson and Gallatin soon started lowering the national debt.
JOHN MARSHALL
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John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at the time of Jefferson's presidency. He set three main principles of judicial review: (a) The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. (b) When a conflict arises between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed. (c) The judicial branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution. John Marshall helped build the power of the Supreme Court, and he expanded the state's federal power.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
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Napoleon Bonaparte was the leader of France and wished to use Santo Domingo as a base from which he could control an American empire. Bonaparte's aspiration of a western empire was crushed when there was a revolt in Santo Domingo. Without Santo Domingo, Napoleon now had little use for Louisiana.
TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE
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Toussaint-Louverture was a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint Domingue. Originally allied with the Spaniards bordering Santo Domingo, Toussaint switched allegiance to the French when they abolished slavery. He eventually gained control over the whole island, used military and political strategies over his enemies, and drove out British invaders.
MERIWETHER LEWIS
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Meriwether Lewis was Jefferson's private secretary and 28 years old when he was chosen to lead the expedition to explore the west in 1804. Lewis was very capable and well practiced for this job. He had been in the Militia during the Whiskey Rebellion, and in the army since that time. He was a very smart scientist and during his journey William Clark and Lewis kept journals of their voyage. Along their adventure, they met many Native Americans and Sacajawea accompanied them as a guide. Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Ocean in 18 months, covering almost 4,000 miles.
WILLIAM CLARK
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William Clark was the expedition's co-leader. At age 32, and a friend of Lewis's from military service, was asked to join the expedition. Clark was also a knowledgeable scientist, and once they came back, in 1806 they had recorded and collected a lot of very useful information on the land, animals, people, and plants that lived out west. This journey also helped the US get land in today's Oregon, and in a couple years fur traders where going and settling in the Rockies. This expedition inspired many to move westward.
SACAJAWEA
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Sacajawea was a young Lemhi Shoshone woman who joined Lewis and Clark in their expidition west and served as an interpreter and guide. They explored the Western United States from 1804-1806 and traveled thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean.
ZEBULON PIKE
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Zebulon Pike was sent by Jefferson to travel through the upper Mississippi River valley and into the now-a-day state of Colorado. Pike led two expeditions, between 1805 and 1807, and gave Americans their first knowledge in detail of of the Rockies and the Great Plains. In Colorado, a snowy mountain was found by Pike and named Grand Peak. Now this mountain is called Pikes Peak.